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When Arguments turn to Gunfire: Apopka faces hard questions about youth gun violence
When Arguments turn to Gunfire: Apopka faces hard questions about youth gun violence
An argument outside Apopka’s Fall Family Festival left a 21-year-old dead and a 17-year-old facing a murder charge. The case renews questions about how young people obtain firearms and what the community can do before another confrontation turns deadly.
The Apopka Community Redevelopment Agency will meet Thursday, November 12, to consider downtown initiatives involving a pocket park, historic markers, and pedestrian improvements near Kit Land Nelson Park. The 2 pm meeting also includes Fifth Street lighting, termination of the Station Street agreement, and a CRA work plan update.
Pocket park initiative, pedestrian improvements on CRA agenda
The Apopka Community Redevelopment Agency will meet Thursday, November 12, to consider downtown initiatives involving a pocket park, historic markers, and pedestrian improvements near Kit Land Nelson Park. The 2 pm meeting also includes Fifth Street lighting, termination of the Station Street agreement, and a CRA work plan update.
Planned giving can have a major impact on how an organization like Matthew’s Hope plans for its future and sustains itself in the long run. This is also an excellent way for people to create a legacy and help others, no matter what resources they have now.
I'm dead, now what?
Planned giving can have a major impact on how an organization like Matthew’s Hope plans for its future and sustains itself in the long run. This is also an excellent way for people to create a legacy and help others, no matter what resources they have now.
The Florida Lottery is encouraging holiday shoppers to leave lottery tickets off children’s gift lists. Through the 2026 Gift Responsibly Campaign, the agency is joining a broader effort to raise awareness about youth gambling risks and promote responsible play.
Florida Lottery urges adults to gift responsibly
The Florida Lottery is encouraging holiday shoppers to leave lottery tickets off children’s gift lists. Through the 2026 Gift Responsibly Campaign, the agency is joining a broader effort to raise awareness about youth gambling risks and promote responsible play.
Apopka police recorded 1,449 calls for service, 49 crashes, and 55 citations during Nov. 1-7. The weekly arrest report includes juvenile firearm charges, a murder charge, battery allegations, theft cases, drug offenses, and DUI arrests.
From traffic stops to felony charges: A week on Apopka’s police blotter
Apopka police recorded 1,449 calls for service, 49 crashes, and 55 citations during Nov. 1-7. The weekly arrest report includes juvenile firearm charges, a murder charge, battery allegations, theft cases, drug offenses, and DUI arrests.
Local News
Apopka scored early and often Friday night, building a 35-0 halftime lead over Wekiva and preserving the shutout to claim the Mayor’s Cup. Mayor Nick Nesta capped the celebration by presenting his alma mater with his first rivalry trophy.
Strong finish, no playoff ticket: Apopka’s season ends at 5-5
Apopka closed the regular season with consecutive victories, but its 5-5 finish wasn’t enough to earn a playoff berth. The Blue Darters’ season highlights how computer rankings weigh more than wins and losses when determining postseason opportunities.
The APD recorded eight burglary reports during Nov. 1-7, including six involving vehicles and two involving commercial properties. Five auto burglaries were reported on November 6, including three in the same address range on Panoramic Circle.
Vehicle break-ins dominate Apopka’s burglary report
Apopka police recorded eight burglary reports during Nov. 1-7, including six involving vehicles and two involving commercial properties. Five auto burglaries were reported on November 6, including three in the same address range on Panoramic Circle.
Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, DC.
Apopka prepares to honor veterans with ceremony, community support and special offers
Apopka will honor veterans at 11 am. The ceremony will be held Wednesday, November 11, at Kit Land Nelson Park, with Vietnam veteran Loretta Forlaw serving as the guest speaker. The surrounding week includes a job fair, community programming, and special offers, including free meals and haircuts, discounted groceries, and complimentary attraction admission.
Apopka’s Planning Commission will hold an open-space workshop at 4:30 pm on Tuesday, November 10, followed by its regular meeting at 5:30 pm. Three public hearings concern a proposed Chandler Road daycare, a future land-use amendment near Kelly Park Road, and a rezoning request on Sir Arthur Court.
Open space workshop, daycare proposal lead Planning Commission agendas
Apopka’s Planning Commission will hold an open-space workshop at 4:30 pm on Tuesday, November 10, followed by its regular meeting at 5:30 pm. Three public hearings concern a proposed Chandler Road daycare, a future land-use amendment near Kelly Park Road, and a rezoning request on Sir Arthur Court.
Florida Scrub Jay.
North Shore Birding Festival returns Dec. 3-7 with 60 trips and an Apopka museum mission
The North Shore Birding Festival returns Dec. 3-7 with 60 trips exploring Lake Apopka and other Central Florida birding destinations. Registration is open, with proceeds supporting the planned Orange Audubon Natural History Museum at Apopka Birding Park.
Orange County Mayor Jerry L. Demings has launched the county’s 16th annual toy drive, continuing an effort that has collected more than 110,000 toys and gifts since 2011. Donations will support children from infancy through their teenage years through local youth and family agencies, schools, and nonprofit organizations.
Orange County launches 16th annual toy drive to brighten holidays for local families
Orange County Mayor Jerry L. Demings has launched the county’s 16th annual toy drive, continuing an effort that has collected more than 110,000 toys and gifts since 2011. Donations will support children from infancy through their teenage years through local youth and family agencies, schools and nonprofit organizations.

Florida gas prices fall to four-month low as AAA sees potential for more relief

Florida’s average gas price fell to $3.80 per gallon Sunday, its lowest level in four months and about 22 cents below the national average. AAA says falling oil and gasoline futures could bring additional savings, although drivers are still paying more than they did a year ago.

Florida’s average gas price fell to $3.80 per gallon Sunday, its lowest level in four months and about 22 cents below the national average. AAA says falling oil and gasoline futures could bring additional savings, although drivers are still paying more than they did a year ago.

In Case You Missed It: City Hall tensions, election upsets, and a milestone for the APD

A heated City Commission exchange and election victories for Kamia Brown and Jarod Fox lead this week’s “In Case You Missed It.” Catch up on those stories: Mayor Nick Nesta’s call for accountability, our post-election analysis, development concerns, and the Apopka Police Department’s reaccreditation.

A heated City Commission exchange and election victories for Kamia Brown and Jarod Fox lead this week’s “In Case You Missed It.” Catch up on those stories: Mayor Nick Nesta’s call for accountability, our post-election analysis, development concerns, and the Apopka Police Department’s reaccreditation.

Business
A job can provide purpose, structure, and independence, but people with developmental disabilities often face barriers to employment. In this guest opinion, Quest Inc. President and CEO John Gill outlines how businesses, families, and community members can help create opportunities.
Ready to work: Opening doors for people with developmental disabilities
A job can provide purpose, structure, and independence, but people with developmental disabilities often face barriers to employment. In this guest opinion, Quest Inc. President and CEO John Gill outlines how businesses, families, and community members can help create opportunities.
Three development applications need additional work after the Apopka Development Review Committee recommended denial during its Oct. 28 meeting. A fourth application, a future land use amendment for recently annexed property on Clark Connelly Road, received a recommendation for approval.
Three Apopka development proposals need revisions after DRC review
Three development applications need additional work after the Apopka Development Review Committee recommended denial during its Oct. 28 meeting. A fourth application, a future land use amendment for recently annexed property on Clark Connelly Road, received a recommendation for approval.
Apopka’s Development Review Committee will consider a proposed warehouse use on Clarcona Road, an 11-lot replat on East Lisa Lane, and two returning residential applications on Wednesday. The meeting begins at 9 a.m. in the City Hall Commission Chambers.
Warehouse proposal, residential projects head to DRC
Apopka’s Development Review Committee will consider a proposed warehouse use on Clarcona Road, an 11-lot replat on East Lisa Lane, and two returning residential applications on Wednesday. The meeting begins at 9 a.m. in the City Hall Commission Chambers.
AI hiring tools can streamline recruitment, but they can also reinforce biases and leave qualified applicants struggling to get an interview. Second Harvest’s Keonna Yearwood-Branch explains how job training and direct employer relationships can help candidates move beyond automated screening.
When AI screens out opportunity: Why human connections still matter in hiring
AI hiring tools can streamline recruitment, but they can also reinforce biases and leave qualified applicants struggling to get an interview. Second Harvest’s Keonna Yearwood-Branch explains how job training and direct employer relationships can help candidates move beyond automated screening.
Apopka’s Development Review Committee approved a revised construction site plan for Crossroads at Kelly Park Phase 3B during its Oct. 21 meeting. Applicants for a Hogshead Road warehouse and Lux Car Wash agreed to address remaining city comments before resubmitting their plans.
DRC approves Kelly Park revision, seeks changes to warehouse and car wash plans
Apopka’s Development Review Committee approved a revised construction site plan for Crossroads at Kelly Park Phase 3B during its Oct. 21 meeting. Applicants for a Hogshead Road warehouse and Lux Car Wash agreed to address remaining city comments before resubmitting their plans.
The Apopka City Commission will discuss attorney representation and impact fees Wednesday before considering a 55-home development and three annexation ordinances. The October 21 meetings begin at 5 pm and 6 pm at City Hall, with public comment opportunities and a livestream.
City Commission to discuss legal representation, impact fees and 55-home development
The Apopka City Commission will discuss attorney representation and impact fees Wednesday before considering a 55-home development and three annexation ordinances. The October 21 meetings begin at 5 pm and 6 pm at City Hall, with public comment opportunities and a livestream.

Auto Vault Orlando opens in Apopka following investment of more than $10 million

Auto Vault Orlando has opened in Apopka, bringing secure vehicle storage and a private automotive club to a 53,000-square-foot facility. The business represents an investment of more than $10 million, with lounge memberships and vehicle storage available separately.

Auto Vault Orlando has opened in Apopka, bringing secure vehicle storage and a private automotive club to a 53,000-square-foot facility. The business represents an investment of more than $10 million, with lounge memberships and vehicle storage available separately.

Warehouse, car wash and Kelly Park revisions head to DRC

Apopka’s Development Review Committee will consider a Hogshead Road warehouse, Lux Car Wash construction plans and revisions to Crossroads at Kelly Park Phase 3B on Oct. 21

A proposed 30,000-square-foot warehouse, the first phase of Lux Car Wash and revised plans for Crossroads at Kelly Park Phase 3B are on Apopka’s Wednesday development review agenda. The committee meets at 9 a.m. Oct. 21 in the City Hall Commission Chambers.

Health
Orange County Mosquito Control plans aerial mosquito spraying over parts of Apopka and Pine Hills beginning around 7 pm on Friday, October 30. Residents may see low-flying aircraft and should monitor official county communications for weather-related schedule changes.
Aerial mosquito spraying planned Friday over parts of Apopka
Orange County Mosquito Control plans aerial mosquito spraying over parts of Apopka and Pine Hills beginning around 7 pm Friday, October 30. Residents may see low-flying aircraft and should monitor official county communications for weather-related schedule changes.
Orange County’s fourth round of medical debt relief has eliminated $199 million owed by more than 112,000 residents. Recipients will receive confirmation letters from nonprofit partner Undue Medical Debt, with no application required.
A Lighter Financial Burden: Orange County erases another $199 million in medical debt
Orange County’s fourth round of medical debt relief has eliminated $199 million owed by more than 112,000 residents. Recipients will receive confirmation letters from nonprofit partner Undue Medical Debt, with no application required.
Health officials confirmed four locally transmitted dengue cases in the Apopka area and one in Pine Hills as of Oct. 12. Orange County announced aerial mosquito spraying for designated neighborhoods, with treatments scheduled for Oct. 16 or, if weather delayed operations, Oct. 17.
Four local dengue cases in Apopka prompt aerial mosquito spraying plans
Health officials confirmed four locally transmitted dengue cases in the Apopka area and one in Pine Hills as of Oct. 12. Orange County announced aerial mosquito spraying for designated neighborhoods, with treatments scheduled for Oct. 16 or, if weather delayed operations, Oct. 17.
The Senior Resource Alliance’s SHINE program is offering free, unbiased Medicare counseling during open enrollment, which runs from October 15 through December 7. Apopka residents and others across Orange, Osceola, Seminole, and Brevard counties can get help comparing coverage, understanding costs, and reviewing prescription drug plans.
SHINE offers free Medicare counseling during open enrollment
The Senior Resource Alliance’s SHINE program is offering free, unbiased Medicare counseling during open enrollment, which runs from October 15 through December 7. Apopka residents and others across Orange, Osceola, Seminole, and Brevard counties can get help comparing coverage, understanding costs, and reviewing prescription drug plans.
Two additional locally acquired dengue cases have brought Orange County’s total to five, according to the Florida Department of Health in Orange County.
Orange County confirms two more local dengue cases, plans aerial mosquito spraying
Two additional locally acquired dengue cases have brought Orange County’s total to five, according to the Florida Department of Health in Orange County. Health officials and Orange County Mosquito Control are expanding prevention efforts, including planned aerial spraying in affected communities.
A University of Florida study found the primary mosquito species capable of transmitting dengue was more common than researchers expected in residential yards in Indian River County. Participants frequently reported bites while gardening and walking dogs, highlighting how everyday activities close to home can bring people into contact with mosquitoes.
UF study finds dengue-transmitting mosquito species common in residential yards
A University of Florida study found the primary mosquito species capable of transmitting dengue was more common than researchers expected in residential yards in Indian River County. Participants frequently reported bites while gardening and walking dogs, highlighting how everyday activities close to home can bring people into contact with mosquitoes.

Flu season is near – here’s a guide to available vaccines

Several flu vaccine options are available, including a new one that’s mRNA-based, the first of its kind.

Flu activity is beginning to increase in parts of the United States, although national levels remain low. With the season approaching, an epidemiologist outlines available vaccines and explains why getting vaccinated before widespread transmission matters.

Florida Open Enrollment: Check doctor networks before choosing a health plan

Open enrollment for 2027 ACA coverage begins November 1. Enrollment assisters said the first step is checking whether your primary physician will still be in-network next year.

Floridians comparing health coverage for 2027 should confirm that their doctors are in-network and their prescriptions are covered. Experts also recommend starting early and weighing deductibles, copays, and coinsurance alongside monthly premiums.

Free, low-cost mammograms coming to Apopka

The Mammolink Mammography bus will visit Apopka on October 29 to provide free or low-cost breast cancer screenings for eligible women. The mobile unit will be at the Community Health Center, 225 E. Seventh St., from 8 am to 4 pm.

The Mammolink Mammography bus will visit Apopka on October 29 to provide free or low-cost breast cancer screenings for eligible women. The mobile unit will be at the Community Health Center, 225 E. Seventh St., from 8 am to 4 pm.

Government
A heated exchange between Mayor Nick Nesta and Commissioner Nadia Anderson preceded a unanimous vote to suspend commissioner discretionary spending Wednesday. The decision followed competing proposals to tighten event spending rules or redirect attention toward infrastructure and the financial implications of Amendment 3.
City Commission suspends discretionary spending after heated exchange
A heated exchange between Mayor Nick Nesta and Commissioner Nadia Anderson preceded a unanimous vote to suspend commissioner discretionary spending Wednesday. The decision followed competing proposals to tighten event spending rules or redirect attention toward infrastructure and the financial implications of Amendment 3.
Mayor Nick Nesta says Apopka must stop accepting delayed projects and postponed repairs as normal. In this op/ed, he outlines a commitment to clear priorities, fair treatment of employees, and honest reporting on his administration’s progress.l
Nesta: Apopka deserves accountability and results at City Hall
Apopka Mayor Nick Nesta says Apopka must stop accepting delayed projects and postponed repairs as normal. In this op/ed, he outlines a commitment to clear priorities, fair treatment of employees, and honest reporting on his administration’s progress.
Byron Donalds delivers his victory speech in Hollywood, FL.
How Amendment 3, vaccine mandates, and school vouchers will shape Florida under the leadership of Byron Donalds
Byron Donalds will enter the governor’s office facing consequential decisions about local government funding, school vaccination requirements and education spending. This analysis examines how his campaign promises could shape Florida policy and where a changed Legislature could complicate his plans.
Toxic algae bloom taints the St. Johns River thanks to its excessive pollution. DeSantis promised to fix this problem but failed to do so.
An environmental cleanup list for Florida’s next governor
Florida’s next governor will inherit environmental problems that demand more than campaign promises. This opinion column offers Byron Donalds a pointed to-do list, drawing on experts’ recommendations for cleaner water, healthier parks and protected land.
Roberta Walton Johnson, Tiffany Moore Russell, Joe Strada, Kamia Brown and Jarod Fox won their respective races in the November 3 election, while Florida voters approved Amendment 3’s property tax changes.
Analysis: A national demand for change reaches Apopka’s doorstep
Apopka-area voters chose new voices in county government and Tallahassee, unseating Mike Crabb and Doug Bankson after campaigns focused on residents’ everyday concerns. The winners now face the challenge of turning promises on affordability, growth and public services into improvements voters can see.
Questions about a secondary access road, paving requirements, and potential occupancy delays dominated the Apopka Development Review Committee’s Nov. 4 discussion of Ridgebrook. The committee also reviewed needed revisions to the Apopka K-8 Charter School plat and recommended approval of a Crossroads at Kelly Park park tract.
Ridgebrooke access concerns lead DRC discussion; Kelly Park tract advances
Questions about a secondary access road, paving requirements, and potential occupancy delays dominated the Apopka Development Review Committee’s Nov. 4 discussion of Ridgebrooke. The committee also reviewed needed revisions to the Apopka K-8 Charter School plat and recommended approval of a Crossroads at Kelly Park park tract.

APD reports 34 arrests, four burglaries in weekly roundup

Apopka police reported 34 people arrested and four burglaries during the week of Oct. 25-31. The department’s weekly report details arrests for property crimes, battery, drug offenses, and traffic violations, along with more than 1,500 calls for service.

Apopka police reported 34 people arrested and four burglaries during the week of Oct. 25-31. The department’s weekly report details arrests for property crimes, battery, drug offenses, and traffic violations, along with more than 1,500 calls for service.

Breaking News: Kamia Brown wins Orange County District 2, Fox unseats Bankson in Florida House District 39

Kamia Brown defeated incumbent Mike Crabb for Orange County Commission District 2, while state Rep. Doug Bankson held off challenger Jarod Fox in District 39. Other results reshaped county leadership and congressional representation, while Amendment 3 failed to secure the approval needed to pass.

Kamia Brown unseated Mike Crabb on the Orange County Commission District 2, while Jarod Fox defeated Doug Bankson to claim the District 39 Florida House seat. Voters also elected Tiffany Moore Russell as county mayor, Roberta Walton Johnson as clerk of courts, and Joe Strada to Congress.

City Commission to review discretionary spending, consider Heart & Soul reimbursement

The Apopka City Commission will review its discretionary funds policy and consider reimbursing the Recreation Department for $8,344.32 in Heart & Soul Fest expenses. The Nov. 4 meeting also includes traffic safety grants, Christmas parade street closures, and a proposed firefighter retirement plan amendment.

The Apopka City Commission will review its discretionary funds policy and consider reimbursing the Recreation Department for $8,344.32 in Heart & Soul Fest expenses. The Nov. 4 meeting also includes traffic safety grants, Christmas parade street closures and a proposed firefighter retirement plan amendment.

Opinion

Sierra Club Florida opposes Amendment 3, warning of risks to parks, water protection, and local services

A coalition of 20 Florida organizations is opposing Amendment 3, warning that its proposed property tax changes could weaken funding for conservation, flood protection and community services. The groups say voters should weigh the potential effects on local budgets alongside the promise of tax relief.
A coalition of 20 Florida organizations is opposing Amendment 3, warning that its proposed property tax changes could weaken funding for conservation, flood protection and community services. The groups say voters should weigh the potential effects on local budgets alongside the promise of tax relief.
Apopka Mayor Nick Nesta is encouraging residents to look beyond social media divisions and strengthen their community through everyday connections. In his latest message, he acknowledges questions about changes at City Hall and urges residents to support local businesses, enjoy city parks, and get involved.
Nesta urges Apopka residents to find common ground and build a stronger community
Apopka Mayor Nick Nesta is encouraging residents to look beyond social media divisions and strengthen their community through everyday connections. In his latest message, he acknowledges questions surrounding changes at City Hall while urging residents to support local businesses, enjoy city parks and get involved.
A typical stormwater retention pond in a Florida community is both a visual amenity and a poorly functioning pollution control device. New standards were supposed to make the stormwater system more effective, but the Florida DEP removed their teeth.
Florida’s stormwater cleanup promises deserve more than paper credits
Florida’s approach to stormwater pollution is drawing criticism over whether credits sold to developers will represent measurable improvements in water quality. For Apopka, the debate raises questions about protecting local waterways and sustaining Lake Apopka’s restoration.
Mayor Nick Nesta at the Apopka Homeless Resources Town Hall in September 2026
Nesta: Progress takes time, but the work has started
Apopka Mayor Nick Nesta says his first six months in office have focused on improving communication, supporting city employees, and reorganizing City Hall. In this op-ed, he addresses residents’ concerns about sidewalks, roads, traffic, and water service while outlining plans to review utility finances and impact fees.
Dirt bike riders line up for a race at the Pax Trax MX motocross track in Bunnell. Volusia County officials want to build their own motocross track on land that was bought for conservation. The owner says the new Volusia track would put Pax Trax out of business.
Volusia County motocross proposal sparks fight over conservation land
Volusia County’s proposal to build a motocross facility on land purchased with conservation funding has drawn opposition and a lawsuit. In this commentary, Craig Pittman examines the environmental concerns, financial questions, and competing interpretations of what voters intended the land-buying program to accomplish.
In this opinion column, Apopka Mayor Nick Nesta says that protecting taxpayers and supporting city employees are compatible goals. He outlines his rationale for restructuring leadership and urges a thorough review of spending before reducing services residents depend on.
Nesta: Taking care of Apopka means taking care of our employees too
In this opinion column, Apopka Mayor Nick Nesta says that protecting taxpayers and supporting city employees are compatible goals. He outlines his rationale for restructuring leadership and urges a thorough review of spending before reducing services residents depend on.
Energy decisions should work like other choices families and businesses make based on their needs, priorities, and budgets, according to Lake Apopka Natural Gas District CEO Brent Haywood. During Public Natural Gas Week, Haywood argues that preserving natural gas infrastructure gives current and future Apopka residents another option rather than requiring them to use it.
OP/ED: Energy choice starts with giving people options
Energy decisions should work like other choices families and businesses make based on their needs, priorities, and budgets, according to Lake Apopka Natural Gas District CEO Brent Haywood. During Public Natural Gas Week, Haywood argues that preserving natural gas infrastructure gives current and future Apopka residents another option rather than requiring them to use it.

Florida county officials try to eliminate public comment on development

Pine Island is a coastal area in Lee County that retains a rural flavor and lots of natural beauty, but developers want to change that.

Lee County residents organized against a sweeping growth-plan rewrite they said was rushed, poorly publicized, and designed to diminish their influence over development. Their successful opposition is especially relevant in Apopka, where the placement, livestreaming, and official recording of public comments have sparked controversy.

Letter to the Editor: Downtown Apopka needs action, not another seven years of planning

Apopka Historical Society President Maribel Brinkle welcomes the vision presented in Building Downtown Apopka but argues that the city cannot afford to spend another seven years planning its future. She calls for a proposed downtown museum complex designed to generate activity and revenue.

Maribel Brinkle welcomes the vision presented in Building Downtown Apopka but argues that the city cannot afford to spend another seven years planning its future. She calls for immediate economic-development leadership and consideration of a proposed downtown museum complex designed to generate activity and revenue.

Opinion: Could a civic campus become downtown Apopka’s missing centerpiece?

Downtown Apopka 2033? Apopka should use the CRA’s proposed seven-year extension to plan and pursue a transformative civic complex without placing it ahead of urgent public-safety projects. A modern library, events center, history center, and civic plaza could become the defining destination, connecting downtown’s existing investments and encouraging private development.

Apopka should use the CRA’s proposed seven-year extension to plan and pursue a transformative civic complex without placing it ahead of urgent public-safety projects. A modern library, events center, history center, and civic plaza could become the defining destination, connecting downtown’s existing investments and encouraging private development.

Bonus Content

Traveling for the holidays? Here's how to save

Ally Financial reports tips for holiday travel budgeting: create an agenda, budget your stay, shop early for gifts, travel off-peak, go with a group, and consider travel insurance.

The Thanksgiving NFL archive: 5 statistical anomalies that defy decades of football logic

SBD reports on five Thanksgiving NFL statistical anomalies, highlighting remarkable performances, odd trends, and historical records from Turkey Day games.

The Thanksgiving NFL archive: 5 statistical anomalies that defy decades of football logic

SBD reports on five Thanksgiving NFL statistical anomalies, highlighting remarkable performances, odd trends, and historical records from Turkey Day games.

What research shows about studying techniques and recall

Quizlet reports that research shows self-testing improves memory retention more than rereading materials, despite students feeling more confident when rereading.